Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 240
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 240
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 24
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 24
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 24
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
2024-04-28
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 27
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 27
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 27
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
当船舶航行时，艉轴承及密封装置是容易发热的部件，必须进行润滑和冷却。艉轴管装置的形式虽比较多，但就其润滑剂来说却只有水和油两种，不同的润滑剂有不同的润滑和冷却方法，下面分别加以介绍。
①水润滑艉轴管
在水润滑的艉轴管中(例如铁梨木、桦木层压板艉轴承)，由于艉轴管位于水面之下，艉轴承中留有轴承间隙和开有纵向槽道，且这种艉轴管又不设尾密封装置，因此艉轴和艉轴承之间总是充满舷外水的，而水是这些轴承材料很好的润滑剂和冷却剂。艉轴管一般是穿过艉尖舱，艉尖舱在船上常用作淡水舱或压载舱。运转中艉轴承的摩擦热，一部分由艉部金属直接传给舷外水，一部分传给了艉尖舱中的淡水或海水，另外的部分则由自由流经艉轴纵向槽道和间隙进入机舱的舷外水带走。在一般情况下，要首密封装置的填料压盖压得不太紧，是能够可靠运转的。但由于在艏部的艉轴承和首密封装置处容易淤积泥砂，使冷却效果变差甚至形成死水，因此水润滑艉轴管(特别是在大型船舶上)，一般在艏部轴承处或填料函附近，仍设置冷却水进出水管(参见图5-66)，以达到冲洗泥砂、污物及加强艏部冷却的目的。对于要求冷却水量大而连续的橡胶艉轴承，可由所装设的管系送入压力水进行润滑和冷却。
②油润滑艉轴管
在油润滑艉轴管上都要装设润滑系统。中小型船上用的润滑系统比较简单，由一个重力油柜、一台手摇泵和进回油管组成。在大型船舶上相应要复杂一些，图5-71示出的润滑系统在大型船舶上应用较广。用手摇泵或电动泵将润滑油注入重力油柜，由观察镜监视油柜是否注满。重力油柜内设有低油位报警。正常情况下艉轴管内始终充满润滑油，消耗后由重力油柜自动补给。艉轴管中的滑油可经截止阀流至回油柜，截止阀也起调节回油快慢的作用。
图示系统的首、尾密封装置都采用辛泼莱克司型。尾密封(图中未示出)采用封闭在密封空间的油自行润滑，摩擦热直接传给舷外水。在这个系统中，艉轴管穿过作为水舱用的艉尖舱，艉轴承的摩擦热除可通过艉轴、艉轴管传给舷外水，还可通过艉轴管传给艉尖舱中的水，不用再单独采取冷却措施。但首密封冷却条件差，因此图示系统专门设了密封油循环油柜(低位循环油柜)，并在首密封空间内设置循环器，其润滑原理如图5-72所示。循环器2装在支撑环3上，使其底部与艉轴5上的前防磨衬套外圆间留有一定的间隙。在衬套随轴转动时，油腔4中的滑油就会按图中箭头所示方向形成循环。低位循环柜1上带翅片，以加强散热作用。
来源：船舶讲武堂
（版权归原作者或机构所有）
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
Line: 317
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
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