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油冷电机轴承的三个润滑方案

2024-07-05

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油冷电机的轴承润滑方案是一个难点,需要满足低温、急加减速、上下坡、左右倾等复杂工况下的流量需求,一旦有润滑不良的情况,轻则异响,重则过温失效。

第一种是转子轴喷油的轴承润滑方案,详见图1,通过中空的转子轴、平衡板等零部件的油道设计,将油喷到轴承内部滚动体。该方案较为成熟,适合两端可以设计油道的电驱系统。

图1 转子轴喷油的轴承润滑方案

第二种是收集定子回油的轴承润滑方案,详见图2,经过轴承室的专用结构设计,收集大部分的定子端部冷却油来给轴承润滑,该方案设计简单,能收集足够多的回油来润滑轴承,适合转速不高的电机使用,但供给轴承的润滑油油压低,油温高,部分工况(急加减速、上下坡等)下存在缺油的风险。

图2 收集定子回油的轴承润滑方案

第三种,壳体上设计轴承润滑油路主动供油,不走转子通道,难点在于电机端盖的轴承供油。

如图3,中间设计一个贯穿的主油道,分别设计两个轴承润滑的支路,给两端的轴承供油润滑。

图3 轴承润滑油道走向

由于主油道是设计在电机壳体上,壳体侧轴承润滑油道比较容易设计,但另外一侧轴承润滑油道在端盖上,两个零部件的油道需要增加如图4所示的密封方案,密封圈在壳体油道出口布置,端盖在相同位置上设计油道,通过平面密封方式将两零部件的油道密封。

图4 轴承润滑方案_端盖油道设计

 来源:汽车新质动力

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