Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: lang
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
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Function: require_once
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Filename: database/translate.php
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Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: require_once
2024-07-20
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\controllers\news.php
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原油中天然存在的酸性物质
原油所含有的一些非烃类的化合物,如脂肪酸、环烷酸、芳香酸、苯酚等,统称为石油酸,约占原油质量的1% ~ 2%,其中环烷酸的质量占石油酸总质量的90% 左右,是基础油中最主要的酸性含氧化合物。按中石油天然气集团企业标准Q/SY 44—2009《通用润滑油基础油标准》要求,Ⅰ类基础油酸值为0.02~0.05 mgKOH/g,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类基础油酸值不超过0.01 mgKOH/g。
油品中添加剂
基础油很难满足设备使用要求,根据设备运行环境需要添加抗氧剂、极压抗磨剂、清净分散剂、抗泡剂等各类添加剂,以提高油品综合使用性能。极压抗磨剂中烷基酸性磷酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)等为酸性添加剂。对极压抗磨性能有要求的齿轮油和液压油,其新油酸值一般在0.5mgKOH/g 左右, 而汽轮机油新油酸值不超过0.2 mgKOH/g。
油品使用过程中氧化产生酸性物质
油品的氧化分为低温氧化和高温氧化2个阶段,低温氧化形成过氧化物、醇、醛、酮和水,超过120 ℃时高温氧化形成酸性物质,酸性物质的形成方式是通过烷基过氧自由基与醛的反应。油品的氧化除了与自身化学组成相关,还与使用条件有密切关系,如温度的高低、空气压力或氧气分压的大小、所接触金属离子的催化作用强弱等。
抗燃液压油水解反应产生的酸性物质
抗燃液压油(主要指聚酯和磷酸酯抗燃液压油,不含水乙二醇液压油)遇水易发生水解反应,水解产物主要有酸性磷酸二酯、酸性磷酸一酯、磷酸和酚类物质等酸性物质。
工业润滑油品中酸性物质的危害
工业润滑油品的酸性物质对设备构件所用的铜、铁、铝等金属材料产生腐蚀作用,将影响设备的正常运转,降低设备使用寿命;另外所生成的金属盐类聚集成为油泥等沉淀物,将提高油品的导电性,降低油品的绝缘性能,还会影响设备的散热性能,在液压系统中将引起液压控制阀阀芯卡阻、加速阀芯磨损等问题。
工业润滑油品中酸性物质的控制
因基础油、添加剂贡献的工业润滑油品酸值可通过生产脱酸和配方设计来控制。
1.油温控制
●电加热器生产厂家或系统成套设备厂家一般都是根据油品的装机量和使用经验来推荐合适电加热功率,对油品的黏度以及流速影响没有相关理论论证,国家也没有相关选用标准,所以后期设备维护期间更换电加热器时,不要轻易增加表面积功率,尤其是高黏度油品,以免引起局部油温过高而导致油品过早老化。
●油管路设计布局合理,尽量避开高温区,无法避开时应增加保温隔热层。
●合理选用油冷却器,控制油箱油温在系统要求范围内。一般对液压油,油箱油温控制在40~50 ℃,最高不超过55 ℃;对汽轮机油,控制轴承(轴瓦)入口油温不超过45 ℃为宜。
2.水分控制
主要针对抗燃液压油遇水水解问题,要求水分应控制在0.1%(质量分数)以下,当水分含量超标时,及时采用脱水过滤装置脱除水分。另外,可在油箱顶部安装带有干燥功能的空滤器,减少环境中水汽和油箱内部冷凝水的影响。
3.酸值定期检测
建议对设备油温低于50℃ 的,每半年一次酸值检测;超过50 ℃时,每季度一次酸值检测;超过70 ℃时,每月一次酸值检测。根据使用经验,油品酸值增加值控制范围建议参考油品厂家推荐值。
小结
工业润滑油品使用过程不可避免地会发生氧化或水解,产生酸性物质。建议油品选型时应根据设备使用工况温度合理考虑其抗氧化性能,在设备运行期间做好油品酸值周期性检测跟踪工作,并合理控制系统油温和抗燃液压油水分含量,以减缓因酸性物质引起的设备磨损和腐蚀,延长油品使用寿命。
(来源:商机苑设备润滑管理咨询)
Severity: Notice
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
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Function: _error_handler
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\sebberzc.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
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Function: lang
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File: D:\database\translate.php
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Function: _error_handler
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