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辊压机轴承位磨损原因

2024-07-29

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(1)加工精度:锥轴颈的锥度公差、直径尺寸和表面粗糙度均有特别严格的要求,是影响其配合接触面的主要因素。在机加工工艺中,不管采用何种加工方法加工出的零件表面都不是绝对光滑的,所有的零件表面都有它各自的表面纹理。通常在机加工要求其配合面积不能小于75%,而表面纹理是与标准面的偏差,这种偏差来源于粗糙度、缺陷以及波纹度。在加工圆锥时会产生直径、圆锥角、形状等误差,这些因素在圆锥配合中,将造成基面距误差和配合表面接触不良。因此接触面积减少,传递扭矩较小连接不可靠,故易造成轴承位的磨损;

(2)物料颗粒因素:入辊压机物料粒度的控制不力,颗粒直径过大过多,进料不均等因素,均会引起辊缝长期偏差大,因纠偏频繁导致轴承过载。或金属异物或过硬物料频繁进入辊压机,在辊压机挤压时瞬间产生的超大反作用力全部承载于轴承本身,对轴承的寿命造成了根本的影响。同时反作用力冲击轴承位,使轴金属疲劳后与轴承内圈产成间隙;

(3)辊子端面挡料板冲刷磨损:为了防止辊压机正常运行过程中,熟料或者生料粉末大量进入轴承,因此在辊子两端端面位置都设有挡料板。挡料板表面经过长期的粉尘冲刷磨损,会出现穿孔破损的情况,这将导致大量的粉尘涌入轴承端盖密封处,加速端盖密封的磨损失效,从而粉尘由密封处进入轴承内部,造成滚珠、保持架、辊道之间摩擦系数增加,轴承运行不畅,运行阻力增大,轴承发热等一系列的问题出现。随着粉尘量不断地增加,最终导致轴承内部之间的摩擦力大于轴承内圈与轴承位配合面之间的预紧力,导致轴承内圈发生转动,短时间内造成轴承位的磨损及轴承的损坏;

(4)密封失效:辊压机密封形式一般为胶圈密封,靠近轴头位置一般为一道密封,而后轴肩上的密封一般为两道密封。密封圈与后轴肩密封环直接接触摩擦,靠润滑脂来润滑减小摩擦系数。因此密封圈与密封环结合面之间一旦进入粉尘或者其它异物,将导致密封圈和密封环的双向磨损,最终导致密封间隙增大,密封失效,大量的粉产涌入轴承内;

(5)润滑失效:辊压机轴承的润滑一般采取油脂润滑,如果不能及时加注润滑油或者润滑系统油路堵塞,将直接导致轴承润滑失效,轴承温度持续上升,最终出现烧蚀的情况发生;

(6)压盘长期不紧固:辊压机轴承内圈与轴承的配合一般为锥度面配合方式,常见的锥度主要为1:12和1:30两种形式。锥度配合的优异是便于拆卸和安装轴承,尤其是对于辊压机这种大型设备。但是锥度配合有一定的缺陷,在设备运行震动过程中,锥度配合面容易松动,预紧力减小。因此如果不能及时或者周期性的紧固轴承内圈锁紧压盘,那么配合面之间的预紧量最终将消失;因此周期性的紧固轴承锁紧压盘非常有必要。每次紧固到规定力矩即可,而不能盲目紧固;

(7)轴承长期运行,不能及时更换:轴承长期使用,其运行游隙将不断增加,当游隙增大到一定程度时,设备的震动也会随之增大。设备震动增大对各个部位也将导致破坏性的影响,这样便进入一个恶性循环。因此周期性的检查轴承运行游隙非常关键,制定出合理的轴承更换周期;

(8)压力因素:辊压机属于高压粉碎设备,其液压系统所提供的推力远远高于其它设备,一般来说压力越高,挤压效果越好,但不是说辊压机工作时的压力越高越好。辊压机在水泥行业主要承担原料和水泥熟料的粉磨工作,实践证明,适宜的挤压力可以得到最佳的粉碎效果,对于熟料来讲,挤压力5000-6000kN/m2效率最高,生料用辊压机的挤压力可比熟料低1000kN/m2。通过实验得知:压力达到一定数值后,挤压效果不会再随压力的升高而有明显的提高,而此时的高压不仅对辊面、减速器、联轴器、电机等寿命有很大的影响,而且易造成轴承损坏或轴承位的磨损问题。因此对每台辊压机来说,其压力值可根据不同种物料的粒度、含水量、硬度等特性通过实验来确定最佳值;

(9)巡检和维修因素:其一、由于辊压机工作环境恶劣,周围粉尘浓度大,当注油孔堵塞或密封件磨损后粉尘或水进入轴承使承润滑不足过热损毁间接造成轴承位磨损。其二、轴承紧固螺栓预紧力大小以及设备运行后螺栓的二次紧固都会影响轴承与轴承位的配合。因此设备的运行不仅需要定期的维修维护,而且更需要平时的巡查保养,发现问题及时处理,从而减少设备的维修率。

来源:水泥学堂

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