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汽轮机油系统进水危害及预防措施

2024-08-13

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1、汽轮机油系统水分超标的危害

油系统中带水对汽轮机的安全运行有相当大的危害,当空气中和汽轮机内的水蒸汽进入润滑油系统后凝结成水,当油和水混合在一起后,再被搅动油即被乳化,而透平油被乳化后能使调节系统中套筒及滑阀等部件严重锈蚀,造成滑阀卡涩,降低系统灵敏度,加重机组运行负荷。

同时,还会造成轴承和轴颈的磨损,引起调节系统和保安装置动作失灵或误动,严重时会导致机组超速甚至飞车。如果乳化液沉积于油循环系统中,就会妨碍油的循环,影响散热,造成供油不足,容易导致轴承烧瓦。汽轮机油乳化使汽轮机油的氧化加速,酸值升高,产生较多的氧化沉积物,从而进一步延迟了汽轮机油的破乳化时间,造成恶性循环。

2、防范汽轮机油系统进水的措施

为了避免油带水这种情况的发生,可在原有一台滤油机的基础可上增设了一台滤油机,并改进油净化系统管道。同时可采取以下改进措施:

1)针对轴封系统结构问题,在大修期间对轴封间隙做了合理调整,减少了轴封漏汽。

2)在变负荷工况下,加强了对轴封供汽压力的监调。

3)保持冷油器油压大于水压,启停循环水泵时,严格执行操作规范,避免冷却水压瞬间升高造成冷油器内部损坏,而导致油中进水。在机组运行中还应进行冷油器放水放油检查,发现冷油器泄露,应及时判断原因,确定异常设备后,尽快进行冷油器的切换,隔离工作。

4)加强对主油箱系统排烟风机的运行调整,保持轴承箱在一定的微负压下运行,防止负压过大导致油中进水。

5)加强了运行中对主油箱定期放水以及化学油质抽测工作。

6)当发现油系统中已经进水,油中进水后,要及时采取过滤及排污的方法,最大限度排除水分,还要防止金属表面锈蚀。

(来源:网络)