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永磁电机如何耐高温

2024-11-09

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高低温环境下永磁电机系统的器件特性和指标变化大,电机模型与参数复杂,非线性度增加、耦合程度增加,功率器件损耗变化大,不但驱动器的损耗分析与温升控制策略复杂,而且四象限运行控制更加重要,常规的驱动控制器设计和电机系统控制策略不能满足高温环境的要求。

常规设计的驱动控制器工作在环境温度相对稳定条件下,而且很少考虑质量、体积等指标。然而在极端工况下,环境温度在-70~180℃的宽温区范围内变化,大部分的功率器件无法在此低温中启动,导致驱动器功能失效。另外受电机系统总质量限制,驱动控制器的散热性能必然要大幅度减小,这反过来影响驱动控制器的性能及可靠性。

超高温条件下,成熟的SPWM、SVPWM、矢量控制方法等开关损耗较大,应用受到限制。随着控制理论和全数字控制技术的发展,速度前馈、人工智能、模糊控制、神经元网络、滑模变结构控制和混沌控制等各种先进算法在现代永磁电机伺服控制中都有了成功的应用。

对耐高温环境永磁电机驱动控制系统,必须以物理场计算为基础,密切结合材料与器件特性的变化特点,建立电机-变流器一体化模型,进行场路耦合分析才能充分考虑环境对电机系统特性的影响,充分利用现代控制技术以及智能控制技术,才能提高电机综合控制品质。另外,工作于恶劣环境下的永磁电机由于不易更换,处于长时间运行工况下,并且外部环境参数( 包括:温度、压强、气流速度和方向等)变化复杂,导致电机系统工况随动。因此,必须研究参数摄动以及外部扰动情况下永磁电机高鲁棒性驱动控制器的设计技术。

来源:珠海运控

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