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挖掘机的回转支承为何有异响?

2024-11-11

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大家都知道挖掘机作业时能够左右转动,离不开回转装置的作用,而回转支承是回转装置重要一部分,主要用于支撑上车体质量和承受工作载荷。由于挖掘机的回转支承一般都是大载荷运转,再加上工作环境都比较恶劣,因此回转支承容易出现故障,最常见的症状就是出现各种异响。

那么,是什么原因造成挖掘机的回转支承出现异响,又该如何排除故障呢?

首先,需要明确的是刚出厂不久的回转支承空转时,会发出钢球均匀滚动的声响,这属于正常响声;如果安装不久,出现微小的异响不要紧,一般在转动磨合一段时间后会自动消失。因此今天重要提及的内容是声音比较大且比较特别的响声。

第一,安装面不平、安装螺栓松动

在出现异响的时候,首先需要确认是否属于安装操作的问题。当安装面不平时,会造成滚道形成负间隙,从而产生异响;另外当小齿轮啮合不良时,也可能产生异响,同时还会造成断齿故障;此外,当安装螺栓松动,导致回转支承弹性变形,变形位置产生负间隙时,需要立即进行检查并按要求紧固螺栓。

第二,回转支承有异物

当回转支承的内部有砂粒、铁屑等异物时,会发生非周期性振动,同时还会带有转动不灵活的故障。当遇到这种情况时,需要在安装前将轴承、轴、座孔及相配零件清洗干净,及时清除润滑剂内异物;切记避免使用材料不纯或嵌有异物的塑料保持架,这样才能去除相应的异响。

第三,润滑脂问题造成的异响

滚道内缺少润滑脂、润滑脂加注不均匀、润滑脂质量差老化、润滑剂选用错误等情况也会造成挖掘机回转支承出现异响。要想解决这个问题,只需使用润滑剂,及时加注、及时更换就能解决。

第四,密封条破损造成的异响

检查密封条是否磨损。因为回转支承密封条的结构对密封性起着关键性作用,当密封条与回转支承不能完全贴合时,易造成润滑脂泄漏。此外密封条材质的耐老化和耐黄油性,也是需要考虑的问题。

第五,滚道与滚动体严重磨损

挖掘机在回转过程中出现异响,很有可能是回转支承滚道与滚动体出现严重磨损造成的,这时需要对回转支承进行维修。

(来源:骏马集团)