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2024-07-23
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1、换油依据
设备在用的润滑油、液压油等等工业油品都是有一定的时效期限的。理论上都需要更换，但换油的依据往往现在还比较含糊。现在通常的换油原则大概有三种：
①按时间周期换油
从几个月到一两年周期不等，这个也是最常见最常用的。大部分的大中型企业都是有换油周期的规定。
②即脏即换
也就是肉眼观察或者离线检测污染度、水分、粘度、酸值等等指标，比对达到了或超过了换油标准就更换。
③只补不换
这种小企业比较多一点，就是设备从来不换油，看缺了油就补一点新油，或者把油箱底部的脏油放出一部分，再加一点新油进去。
这就是现在的三种换油和补油方式。
2、上述换油方式的弊端
①会造成严重的浪费
不管是按这种一年一换的周期性换油，还是即脏即换都不同程度会造成资源浪费。因为我们现在的国产油品有效期基本都在五年左右，进口的油品可以达到十年，也就是用油的环境良好，油品是可以长期有效的。
而且我们现在用的工业用油大部分都是矿物质油，也就是从石油中提炼出来的。现在每年国内的润滑油消耗量已经超过一千万吨。在这个冶炼过程当中，二十吨的原油，才可以提炼出一吨的润滑油。原油是属于不可再生的资源，现在我们做智能润滑管理的案例里边已经有油品用了八年才更换，所有的检测指标还都正常，这就证明我们现在这种短期的换油浪费是巨大的。
②盲目性更换影响生产效率
因为每次换油都是要停产检修的时候进行更换，同时我们现在行业的换油标准也是有一定的缺陷的。
不当的换油还会直接导致设备的故障甚至事故。这个真的不是危言耸听，我们身边有很多这样的实例。以最常见的机械设备一一减速机 (齿轮箱)为例，大部分是飞溅式润滑方式，旧油靠重力很容易排出，加入的新油却需要长时间的手动盘车或空载运转才能充分填满轴承的空隙。而往往检修时间紧张，把空载的时间略去了，那设备事故和备件的“短命”就在所难免了。
③新油+旧油=旧油
科学的换油依据是线上品质检测+净化维护+线上品质检测+实验室数据检测比对=达不到使用参数标准也就是要有油品质及时检测和及时净化手段，净化后的油品指标合格还可以继续使用，如果线上指标不达标，要配合线下检测，确实指标不合格，即作为换油的数据依据。
另外，提醒一下，换油最好和设备检修同时考虑，做好油箱彻底清理和部件检查工作。
（来源：设备人）
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